江汉大学学报（自然科学版）

豇豆是一种大宗豆类蔬菜，而普通大蓟马（Megalurothrips usitatus）是豇豆近年来的主要虫害之一，危害花荚，破坏生长点，严重影响豇豆的正常发育，导致减产甚至绝收。普通大蓟马体型微小，隐蔽性强，肉眼难以辨识，目前对豇豆普通大蓟马的微观形态学特征的认知亟待深入。采用制片法制备豇豆普通大蓟马标本，对豇豆普通大蓟马成虫的体节各节长度、投影面积和触角各节投影面积进行精确测量，以研究其形态学特征。结果表明：豇豆普通大蓟马雌性成虫体长平均1 520.10μm，雄性成虫体长平均1 487.90μm；头部约占体长11.4%；胸部约占体长30.45%，其中胸背板和后胸背板各带一对翅，前翅端部和中部有两条棕色横带，分别占翅长的11.2%和34.6%；腹部占比最大，腹部体色呈现白色与棕褐色相间分布。蓟马触角分为8节，分别由柄节、梗节和6节鞭节组成，8节存在120∶109∶137∶139∶73∶114∶20∶14的面积比，基部的柄节和梗节起到支撑作用，端部的6节鞭节面积各不相同，使得触角能灵活地在空气中捕捉寄主植物释放的挥发性信息化合物，从而更有效地寻找适合的寄主植物。豇豆普通大蓟马特殊的前翅褐带和8节触角可作为快速辨认蓟马种类的方法，为今后蓟马物种的鉴别及预防管理提供了重要的科学依据。

Cowpea is a kind of bulk bean vegetable,and Megalurothrips usitatus,as its primary pest in recent years,harms flowers and pods,destroys growth points,seriously affects the normal development of cowpea,and leads to yield reduction or even total loss.However,Megalurothrips usitatus is tiny and well-hidden,making it difficult for the naked eye. Therefore, the current understanding of the morphological characteristics of Megalurothrips usitatus on cowpea needs to be furthered. In this paper,the specimen of Megalurothrips usitatus on cowpea was prepared by the method of preparation. Each segment length and area of the adult Megalurothrips usitatus,and each segment area of its antennae were precisely measured to study its morphological characteristics. The results showed that the average body length of female adults of Megalurothrips usitatus on cowpea was 1 520. 10 μm,and the average body length of male adults was 1 487. 90 μm. The head accounted for about 11. 4% of the body length,the chest accounted for about 30. 45% of the body length,of which the mid-dorsal and the posterior dorsal plate each carried a pair of wings. There were two brown transverse bands at the end and middle of the forewing,accounting for 11. 2% and 34. 6% of the wing length,respectively. The abdomen accounted for the most significant proportion,and the abdominal body color was distributed in white and brown. The thrips antennae were divided into eight sections:a pedicel,a scape,and six flagellomeres. There was an area ratio of 120∶109∶137∶139∶73∶114∶20∶14 among the eight sections. The basal scape and pedicel played a supporting role,and the areas of the six flagellomeres at the end were different,enabling the antennae to flexibly capture volatile information compounds released by host plants in the air to find suitable host plants more effectively. The unique brown bands of forewings and eight-segmented antennae of Megalurothrips usitatus can be used as a rapid method to identify thrips species,providing an essential scientific basis for future identification and prevention management.