江汉大学学报（自然科学版）

针对废弃印刷电路板所含重金属的环境风险问题，对汽车、电视机、路由器等电路板中8种主要有毒有害金属含量进行分析，并在此基础上对各金属的赋存形态及浸出特征进行分析评价。实验结果显示：实验范围内电路板中各金属物质的含量差别较大，Fe、Cu、Pb、Cr、Sb、Sn、Cd和As的含量在0.015～294.9 mg/g之间，Cd和As虽然含量较低，但毒性较高。电路板中Cu、As、Sn、Sb的主要赋存形态为残渣态，生态风险等级低；Pb以酸可提取态和氧化态为主，Fe、Cr和Cd以酸可提取态、可还原态、可氧化态和残渣态4种形态存在，生态风险等级高。在模拟中性和酸性降雨以及垃圾渗滤液的环境条件下，Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Fe、Sb和Sn均有浸出，Pb在模拟垃圾渗滤液浸出实验中浸出率较高，而As在模拟中性和酸性降雨的浸出率更高。各模拟环境条件下的浸出液中Cd、Cr、Cu、As、Fe、Sb和Sn浓度均超过GB/T 14848—2017《地下水质量标准》Ⅲ类指标限值。

Focusing on the environmental risk issues of heavy metals contained in discarded printed circuit boards(PCBs),the content of eight main toxic and harmful metals in PCBs of automobiles,televisions,and routers was analyzed. Furthermore,the occurrence forms and leaching characteristics of metals were analyzed and evaluated. The experimental results showed that the content of various metal substances in the circuit board varied greatly within the experimental range,with the content of Fe,Cu,Pb,Cr,Sb,Sn,Cd,and As ranging from 0. 015-294. 9 mg/g. Although the content of Cd and As was relatively low,their toxicity was relatively high. The main occurrence form of Cu,As,Sn,and Sb in circuit boards was a residual state,with a low ecological risk level. Pb mainly existed in acidsoluble and oxidized states,while Fe,Cr,and Cd existed in four forms:exchangeable and weakly acid-soluble,reducible,oxidizable,and residue states,with a high ecological risk level. Cd,Cr,Cu,As,Fe,Sb,and Sn were leached under environmental conditions simulating neutral and acidic rainfall and landfill leachate. The leaching rate of Pb was high in the simulated landfill leachate leaching experiment. The leaching rate of As was higher in simulated neutral and acidic rainfall. The concentrations of Cd,Cr,Cu,As,Fe,Sb,and Sn in the leaching solution under various environmental conditions exceeded the limit of general chemical indexes of rank Ⅲ of GB/T 14848—2017.