江汉大学学报（自然科学版）

为探明氮肥对不同敏感型小麦产量与品质及其相关构成因素的影响，以氮敏感型、氮迟钝型2种类型小麦品种为材料，采用随机区组设计，设置纯施氮180 kg/hm²(N1)、240 kg/hm²(N2)2个氮素水平，研究不同类型小麦产量与品质及其相关构成因素在不同氮水平下的变化差异。结果表明，氮肥主要是通过影响小麦穗数和千粒重，进而影响小麦产量，相较于低氮水平，高氮水平下氮敏感型小麦产量降低了19.82%，氮迟钝型小麦产量降低了2.62%，高氮不利于氮敏感型小麦产量的提升，对氮迟钝型小麦产量的影响相对较小；容重、硬度、出粉率在不同氮水平间差异性不显著；粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值在不同氮水平下呈极显著性差异，与低氮水平相比较，高氮水平下有利于小麦籽粒粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值的增加，氮敏感型品种的增加幅度分别为8.04%、7.55%和15.84%，氮迟钝型品种的增加幅度分别为3.38%、3.23%和3.39%，氮敏感品种的增加幅度显著高于氮迟钝型品种。本研究还显示，不同氮水平下的小麦淀粉RVA黏度参数差异性显著，随着施氮量的增加，小麦淀粉糊化峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值均显著降低。由此可见，在小麦产量和品质方面，氮敏感型品种对氮肥的响应程度均大于氮迟钝型，氮肥对小麦品质的影响主要是在二次加工品质上，氮肥对小麦一次加工品质的影响较小。

To find out the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield and quality of different sensitive wheat and its related components,two types of wheat varieties,nitrogen-sensitive and nitrogen-insensitive,were used as materials,and a random block design was used to set two pure nitrogen application of 180 kg/hm²(N1)and 240 kg/hm²(N2),the variation of wheat yield,quality and related components of different types of wheat under different nitrogen levels were studied. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer mainly affected wheat yield by affecting the number of ears and thousand kernel weight. Compared with low nitrogen levels,the yield of nitrogen-sensitive wheat decreased by 19. 82% under high nitrogen levels and the yield of nitrogen-insensitive wheat decreased by 2. 62%. High nitrogen was not conducive to the improvement of nitrogen-sensitive wheat yield and had relatively little effect on nitrogen-insensitive wheat yield. Under different nitrogen levels,the test weight,hardness,and flour extraction rate had no significant difference,and the crude protein content,wet gluten content,and sedimentation value had significant differences. Compared with the low nitrogen level,the high nitrogen level was conducive to the increase of the crude protein content,wet gluten content,and sedimentation value of wheat grains,the increased range of nitrogen-sensitive varieties was 8. 04%,7. 55%,and 15. 84%,the increase rate of nitrogen-insensitive varieties was 3. 38%,3. 23%,and 3. 39%,respectively,and the increase in nitrogen-sensitive varieties was significantly higher than that of nitrogeninsensitive varieties. This study also showed that the RVA viscosity parameters of wheat starch under different nitrogen levels had significant differences. With the increase of nitrogen application,the peak viscosity,trough viscosity,final viscosity,and dilution value of wheat starch all decreased significantly. It can be seen that in terms of wheat yield and quality,the response of nitrogen-sensitive varieties to nitrogen fertilizer is greater than that of nitrogeninsensitive varieties. The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on wheat quality is mainly on the quality of secondary processing,and the quality of wheat primary processing is small.