江汉大学学报（自然科学版）

目的探寻近10年武汉市中小学生身体机能城乡差异的变化趋势及原因,为缩小城乡差距提供科学依据。方法对2005、2010及2014年全国学生体质与健康调研中武汉市城乡14 400名中小学生的肺活量及肺活量/体重指数的原始实测数据进行统计,将上述3次调研中各年龄组学生肺活量及肺活量/体重指数的均值分别进行城市与乡村间的差异显著性t检验,并对2010年及2014年参与问卷调查学生的体育活动情况进行统计。结果近10年武汉市小学低年级乡村男女学生的身体机能持续优于城区学生,且近5年优势有所扩大;11岁(女)或12岁(男)后,乡村男女生的身体机能有逐渐落后于城区学生的趋势。这一结果与近5年城区9~12岁每天锻炼1 h及以上的男女学生的比例均低于乡村学生、城区13~15岁男女学生的这一比例均高于乡村学生的结果一致。结论学生、家长、学校、社会应共同努力,督促城乡学生落实每天1 h体育活动,促进城乡学生体质水平共同提高。

Objectives This study provided a scientific basis for narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas through exploring the development trend and causes of physical differences of primary and sec-ondary school students between urban and rural area in Wuhan City in recent 10 years. Methods Vitalcapacity and vital capacity/body weight index of 14 400 primary and secondary school students in Wu-han City were statistically analysed based on the data of National Students′Physique and Health Investi-gation and Study Report of 2005, 2010 and 2014. The average values of vital capacity and vital capacity/body weight index of different areas were statistically analysed with test, The physical activities of stu-dents with questionnaire investigation in 2010 and 2014 were statistically analysed. Results In recent 10 years, the physical functions of the rural male and female students in the lower grades of Wuhan primaryschools were better than those of the urban students, the advantages have been expanded in recent 5 years. The physical functions of rural male and female students gradually lagged behind urban studentsover 11(female)or 12(male)years old. In recent 5 years, the proportion of male and female students whoexercised 1 h or more per day was lower than that of rural students in 9-12 years old, the proportion ofmale and female students who exercised 1 h or more per day was higher than that of rural students in 13-15 years old. Conclusions The 1 hour physical activity every day will improve the urban and rural stu-dents′ ployical condition, the students, parents,schools and society should make joint efforts to imple-ment the physical activity.