江汉大学学报（自然科学版）

为拓宽豇豆菌核病病原菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)的拮抗菌株资源，寻找替代化学药剂的生防菌剂，从健康的豇豆、蚕豆和豌豆植株叶片中分离鉴定出具有拮抗作用的内生菌，并采用灌根喷施法测定其对豇豆菌核病防治效果。结果表明：通过平板对峙法从11株具有拮抗效果的菌株中定向筛选出1株广谱拮抗菌株JHMC Fb2316，该菌株能够显著抑制豇豆菌核病病原菌生长，对豇豆菌核病核盘菌抑菌率达到70.0%，还对另外8种病原真菌均有不同程度的拮抗作用。根据菌落形态特征和分子生物学鉴定，拮抗菌JHMC Fb2316属于枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。豇豆田间防治试验结果表明，JHMC Fb2316菌剂灌根处理后的平均亩(666.7 m²)产比对照提升了389 kg，植株死亡率降低了10.66%。鉴定筛选出的拮抗菌株JHMC Fb2316具有对多种植物病原真菌的广谱抑制能力，且能有效防治豇豆菌核病。因此，该菌株作为豇豆菌核病的生防菌剂，具有较高的开发利用潜力。

To expand the antagonistic microbial resources against the causal agent of cowpea sclerotinia rot(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and explore alternatives to chemical fungicides,endophytic bacteria with antagonistic activity were isolated and identified from healthy leaves of cowpea(Vigna unguiculate),broad bean(Vicia faba),and pea(Pisum sativum)plants. Their biocontrol efficacy against cowpea sclerotinia rot was evaluated using root irrigation and foliar spraying methods. The results demonstrated that a broad-spectrum antagonistic strain,JHMC Fb2316,was selectively screened from 11 candidate isolates through plate confrontation assays. This strain exhibited significant inhibitory effects on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, achieving a mycelial growth inhibition rate of 70. 0%.Furthermore,JHMC Fb2316 displayed varying degrees of antagonistic activity against eight additional pathogenic fungi. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular identification,the antagonistic strain JHMC Fb2316 was classified as Bacillus subtilis. Field trials on cowpea revealed that root irrigation with JHMC Fb2316 suspension increased the average yield by 389 kg per 1 mu(666. 7 m2)compared to the control group,while reducing plant mortality by 10. 66%. In conclusion,the screened antagonistic strain JHMC Fb2316 possesses broad-spectrum inhibitory capabilities against multiple plant pathogenic fungi and demonstrates effective control of cowpea sclerotinia rot. These findings highlight its high potential as a biocontrol agent for sustainable management of cowpea diseases.